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The shift began when researchers realized that alters physiology. A stressed animal has elevated cortisol levels, which suppress the immune system, elevate blood pressure, and delay wound healing. Suddenly, behavior was no longer a "soft science" for trainers; it was a vital sign, as critical as temperature and pulse.
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: Changes in behavior—like subtle shifts in sleep patterns or grooming—are now recognized as the first indicators of chronic pain or cognitive decline. The shift began when researchers realized that alters