Odin relies on the driver, which uses Windows Kernel-Mode Driver Framework (KMDF). Chrome OS uses a completely different USB stack (based on Linux’s usbfs ). While Chrome OS can detect MTP or ADB devices, it cannot present a Samsung phone in Download Mode as a “Samsung USB Device” that Odin expects.
However, users on Chromebooks can achieve the same results using Linux (Crostini) alternatives or web-based tools. Best Alternatives for Chrome OS odin flash tool for chrome os
When asked, give the Linux container permission to access the USB device. Launch Heimdall from the terminal using heimdall-flash-frontend Odin relies on the driver, which uses Windows