Vdi 2230 Part 1 Pdf ~upd~ File

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Using an illegitimate or outdated version can lead to . The 2015 revision introduced significant changes to fatigue strength verification and tightening factor calculations. A 2003 version will produce dangerously optimistic results for modern high-strength bolts (property class 10.9 or 12.9). vdi 2230 part 1 pdf