| Theory | Core Idea | How It Maps to Father‑Son Holes | |--------|-----------|---------------------------------| | (Bowlby, Ainsworth) | Secure vs. insecure attachment styles shape expectations of closeness. | An insecurely attached father may inadvertently model avoidance, which the son mirrors. | | Intergenerational Trauma Theory (Van der Kolk) | Trauma is stored biologically and socially, passing through families. | The “approval” gap can be a manifestation of a father’s own unprocessed shame. | | Masculine Norms Theory (Connell) | Societal scripts define what “being a man” looks like. | The “emotional availability” gap thrives under “men don’t show feelings.” | | Family Systems Theory (Bowen) | Families strive for balance; a missing piece destabilizes the system. | The “conflict‑resolution” gap is a way the system avoids chaotic emotional arousal. |
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: It highlights the strength found in opening up to loved ones. the shared holes of father and son pdf